How do automatic processing and controlled processing differ?

Automatic processing and controlled processing represent two distinct cognitive functions that our brains utilize to handle information. The assertion that automatic processing is subconscious while controlled processing is deliberate accurately highlights these differences.

Automatic processing occurs without conscious effort or awareness. It allows individuals to perform tasks quickly and efficiently, often relying on learned behaviors or instincts developed through repetition or experience. This can include skills like riding a bicycle or reading simple words, where cognitive resources are not heavily taxed.

In contrast, controlled processing requires conscious attention and effort. When individuals engage in tasks that demand focus, such as solving complex math problems or engaging in critical thinking, they utilize controlled processing. This type of processing is slower and is necessary for tasks that involve careful thought and decision-making.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing how we function in both familiar environments where automatic responses are sufficient, and in novel or challenging situations that require deliberate thought.