Which type of errors can lead to aviation incidents according to the human factors model?

The correct answer is centered on the understanding that skill-based errors and decision-making errors are significant contributors to aviation incidents, as highlighted by the human factors model.

Skill-based errors occur when a task is performed incorrectly due to a lapse in attention or execution, which can happen even among experienced personnel who may be on autopilot with their routine tasks. These errors can manifest during critical moments, such as when pilots are managing complex system operations or reacting to unexpected situations.

Decision-making errors involve faulty judgments or inappropriate actions taken during the decision-making process, often within high-pressure situations. Pilots and crew members must evaluate numerous variables quickly and often under stress; mistakes in this area can have severe consequences, leading to incidents.

Understanding these error types helps underscore the importance of addressing human factors in training and operational procedures, ensuring that aircrew are prepared to handle the complexities and pressures inherent in aviation environments.